Оберіть варіант, який найкраще завершує речення. (Q1–Q10)
Прочитайте текст і заповніть пропуски, обираючи слово з випадного списку. (Q11–Q18)
The phenomenon of urban shrinkage has long straightforward explanation. In cities across the post-industrial world, populations decline not of economic policy but in spite of it. What was once dismissed as a transient hiccup has, over time, as a structural feature of late capitalism.
Scholars now that shrinkage demands a fundamental rethinking of urban planning, one that no longer perpetual growth. from being a sign of failure, planned contraction may, in certain contexts, a more sustainable model. Whether public opinion will to this view is, however, an open question.
Правильні відповіді нараховуються автоматично.
Підберіть заголовок (A–F) до кожного абзацу. Один заголовок зайвий. (Q19–Q23)
Headings:
A) The hidden cost of convenience
B) A backlash gathers momentum
C) When algorithms quietly take over
D) The myth of the unbiased machine
E) Regulation finally catches up
F) A return to analogue habits
Прочитайте уривок і дайте відповіді на запитання. (Q24–Q28)
For the better part of two centuries, the figure of the lone genius has loomed disproportionately large in popular accounts of scientific discovery. From Newton beneath his apocryphal apple tree to Einstein scribbling in a patent office, the narrative casts breakthroughs as the work of singular minds operating, it would seem, in splendid isolation. The reality, as historians of science have patiently demonstrated, is markedly less photogenic.
Nearly every major advance, on closer inspection, turns out to rest upon a dense substrate of correspondence, collaboration and, not infrequently, outright dispute. Newton himself, for all his protestations of solitary labour, was an indefatigable correspondent; his quarrels with Leibniz over the invention of calculus, far from incidental, were instrumental in sharpening the very concepts at issue. Einstein's special theory of relativity, though bearing his name alone, drew on the prior work of Lorentz, Poincaré and others — a debt he himself was generally careful to acknowledge, even as posterity proved less scrupulous.
Why, then, does the myth persist? Part of the answer is psychological: stories require protagonists, and a heroic individual is easier to grasp than a diffuse network. Part is institutional: prizes, professorships and biographies all reward — indeed, demand — the identification of single authors. And part, more troublingly, is ideological. The myth flatters a particular vision of human achievement, one in which insight springs unbidden from the mind of the exceptional, owing nothing to the conditions that made it possible.
Оберіть правильну форму слова в дужках. (Q29–Q30)
Підказка: після прикметника deliberate потрібен іменник. Шукай форму, що працює як deverbal noun (іменник, утворений від дієслова).